HBase Java API: Complete CRUD Code with Table Creation, I...

This is article 37 in the Big Data series. This article demonstrates how to use HBase Client API for table management and CRUD operations through complete Java code.

Complete illustrated version: CSDN Original | Juejin

Maven Dependencies

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>

Connection Configuration

All operations require establishing a Connection first. It is recommended to reuse Connection globally (it is thread-safe, while Table is not):

Configuration configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "h121.wzk.icu,h122.wzk.icu");
configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);

Create Table

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Configuration configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "h121.wzk.icu,h122.wzk.icu");
        Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
        HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin) connection.getAdmin();

        HTableDescriptor descriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf("test01"));
        descriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("base_info"));

        admin.createTable(descriptor);
        System.out.println("test01 table created successfully");

        admin.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

Insert Data

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Configuration configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "h121.wzk.icu,h122.wzk.icu");
        Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);

        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("test01"));
        Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("rk1"));
        put.addColumn(
            Bytes.toBytes("base_info"),
            Bytes.toBytes("name"),
            Bytes.toBytes("wuzikang")
        );
        table.put(put);
        table.close();

        System.out.println("Data inserted successfully");
        connection.close();
    }
}

Delete Data

public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // ... establish connection (same as above)
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("test01"));
        Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("rk1"));
        table.delete(delete);
        table.close();

        System.out.println("Row deleted successfully");
        connection.close();
    }
}

Get Query (By Column Family)

public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        HTable table = (HTable) connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("test01"));
        Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("rk1"));
        get.addFamily(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"));

        Result result = table.get(get);
        Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
        for (Cell cell : cells) {
            String cf     = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell));
            String column = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell));
            String value  = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell));
            System.out.println(cf + ":" + column + " => " + value);
        }
        table.close();
    }
}

Full Table Scan

public class Test05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        HTable table = (HTable) connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("test01"));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);

        for (Result result : scanner) {
            Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
            for (Cell cell : cells) {
                String rowkey = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell));
                System.out.println("rowKey: " + rowkey);
            }
        }
        table.close();
    }
}

Range Scan

public class Test06 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        HTable table = (HTable) connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("test01"));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setStartRow("rk1".getBytes());
        scan.setStopRow("rk3".getBytes());  // Left-closed right-open

        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result result : scanner) {
            // Process each row
        }
        table.close();
    }
}

setStartRow / setStopRow use a left-closed right-open interval, so rk3 itself will not be returned.

Key Considerations

Point	Description
Connection Reuse	Thread-safe, use as application-level singleton, avoid frequent creation/destruction
Table Not Thread-Safe	Call table.close() after each operation
Bytes.toBytes()	HBase stores all values as byte arrays, decode accordingly when reading
Batch Writes	For large batch inserts, use BufferedMutator to reduce RPC calls
Range Scan Performance	Always set startRow/stopRow to avoid full table scans