Time Domain Indicators

SDNN

  • Standard deviation of all normal beat-to-beat intervals
  • Reflects overall sympathetic-parasympathetic balance
  • 100ms: Healthy state

  • 50-100ms: Potential abnormality
  • <50ms: Significant abnormality

RMSSD

  • Root mean square of successive interval differences
  • Reflects vagal nerve activity
  • Sensitive to short-term measurements
  • Suitable for wearable devices

pNN50

  • Percentage of successive NN interval differences greater than 50ms
  • Reflects vagal nerve regulation
  • Typical value: 10-30%

Frequency Domain Indicators

High Frequency (HF)

  • 0.15-0.40 Hz
  • Respiratory sinus arrhythmia
  • Parasympathetic activity

Low Frequency (LF)

  • 0.04-0.15 Hz
  • Combined sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation
  • Related to blood pressure baroreflex

Very Low Frequency (VLF)

  • <0.04 Hz
  • Thermoregulation, hormone cycles

LF/HF Ratio

  • Assesses autonomic nervous system balance
  • Elevated: Sympathetic dominance
  • Reduced: Parasympathetic dominance