大数据-134 ClickHouse 单机+集群节点落地手册 | 安装配置 | systemd 管理 / config.d

TL;DR

场景：Ubuntu 上快速装 ClickHouse，先跑通单机，再搭 3 节点集群。
结论：使用官方源 + signed-by 方式安装；用 systemd 管服务，别手动 sudo -u clickhouse clickhouse-server；集群建议用 ClickHouse Keeper 替代 ZooKeeper。
产出：一键安装脚本、单机 MRE（3 分钟）

最小可运行示例

# 1) 依赖 & keyring
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg
curl -fsSL 'https://packages.clickhouse.com/rpm/lts/repodata/repomd.xml.key' \
  | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/clickhouse-keyring.gpg

# 2) 源（stable 或 lts 二选一）
ARCH=$(dpkg --print-architecture)
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/clickhouse-keyring.gpg arch=${ARCH}] https://packages.clickhouse.com/deb stable main" \
 | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/clickhouse.list

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client

启动与开机自启

sudo systemctl enable --now clickhouse-server
sudo systemctl status clickhouse-server --no-pager

单机安装

Ubuntu 服务器安装步骤：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates dirmngr

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv E0C56BD4
echo "deb https://repo.clickhouse.com/deb/stable/ main/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/clickhouse.list

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client

默认的密码路径是：/etc/clickhouse-server/users.d/default-password.xml

配置权限

sudo chown -R clickhouse:clickhouse /etc/clickhouse-server
sudo chmod -R 755 /etc/clickhouse-server
sudo chown -R clickhouse:clickhouse /var/lib/clickhouse
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/lib/clickhouse

单机测试

启动 ClickServer：

sudo -u clickhouse clickhouse-server

启动 ClickClient：

clickhouse-client -m

集群安装

集群节点

h121 2C4G
h122 2C4G
h123 2C4G

配置文件

config.xml

修改 /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml：

<!-- Path to data directory, with trailing slash. -->
<path>/var/lib/clickhouse/</path>

<!-- 开放远程访问，允许所有连接 -->
<listen_host>::</listen_host>

<!-- 在根标签下加入内容 -->
<include_from>/etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/metrika.xml</include_from>

metrika.xml

创建 /etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/metrika.xml：

<yandex>
  <remote_servers>
    <perftest_3shards_1replicas>
      <shard>
        <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
        <replica>
          <host>h121.wzk.icu</host>
          <port>9000</port>
          <user>default</user>
          <password>clickhouse@wzk.icu</password>
        </replica>
      </shard>
      <shard>
        <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
        <replica>
          <host>h122.wzk.icu</host>
          <port>9000</port>
          <user>default</user>
          <password>clickhouse@wzk.icu</password>
        </replica>
      </shard>
      <shard>
        <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
        <replica>
          <host>h123.wzk.icu</host>
          <port>9000</port>
          <user>default</user>
          <password>clickhouse@wzk.icu</password>
        </replica>
      </shard>
    </perftest_3shards_1replicas>
  </remote_servers>
  <zookeeper-servers>
    <node index="1">
      <host>h121.wzk.icu</host>
      <port>2181</port>
    </node>
    <node index="2">
      <host>h122.wzk.icu</host>
      <port>2181</port>
    </node>
    <node index="3">
      <host>h123.wzk.icu</host>
      <port>2181</port>
    </node>
  </zookeeper-servers>
  <macros>
    <shard>01</shard>
    <replica>h121.wzk.icu</replica>
  </macros>
  <networks>
    <ip>::/0</ip>
  </networks>
  <clickhouse_compression>
    <case>
      <min_part_size>10000000000</min_part_size>
      <min_part_size_ratio>0.01</min_part_size_ratio>
      <method>lz4</method>
    </case>
  </clickhouse_compression>
</yandex>

修改权限：

sudo chown -R clickhouse:clickhouse /etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/metrika.xml

修改密码

修改 /etc/clickhouse-server/users.d/default-password.xml：

<clickhouse>
    <users>
        <default>
            <password>clickhouse@wzk.icu</password>
            <networks>
                <ip>::/0</ip>
            </networks>
        </default>
    </users>
</clickhouse>

启动测试

sudo -u clickhouse clickhouse-server --config-file=/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml

正式启动

systemctl start clickhouse-server
systemctl status clickhouse-server